Isihlalo sabakhubazekile (W/C) siyisihlalo esinamasondo, esisetshenziswa kakhulu kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokusebenza noma ezinye izinkinga zokuhamba. Ngokuqeqeshwa kwesihlalo sabakhubazekile, ukuhamba kwabantu abakhubazekile kanye nabantu abanobunzima bokuhamba kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ikhono labo lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke nokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi lingathuthukiswa. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kusekelwe embonweni omkhulu: ukwakheka kwesihlalo sabakhubazekile esifanelekile.
Isihlalo sabakhubazekile esifanelekile singavimbela iziguli ekusebenziseni amandla amaningi ngokomzimba, sithuthukise ukuhamba, sinciphise ukuthembela emalungwini omndeni, futhi senze kube lula ukululama okuphelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzobangela ukulimala kwesikhumba, izilonda zokucindezeleka, ukuvuvukala kwamalungu omabili angezansi, ukukhubazeka komgogodla, ingozi yokuwa, ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nokugoba, njll. ezigulini.
1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zezihlalo zabakhubazekile
① Ukwehla okukhulu kokusebenza kokuhamba: njengokunqunywa kwesikhumba, ukwaphuka, ukukhubazeka kanye nobuhlungu;
② Akuvunyelwe ukuhamba ngokweseluleko sikadokotela;
③ Ukusebenzisa isihlalo sabakhubazekile ukuhamba kungandisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwenhliziyo namaphaphu, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila;
④ Abantu abakhubazekile ezithweni zomzimba;
⑤ Abantu abadala.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezihlalo zabakhubazekile
Ngokwezingxenye ezonakele kanye nemisebenzi esele, izihlalo zabakhubazekile zihlukaniswe ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile ezivamile, izihlalo zabakhubazekile zikagesi kanye nezihlalo zabakhubazekile ezikhethekile. Izihlalo zabakhubazekile ezikhethekile zihlukaniswe ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile ezimile, izihlalo zabakhubazekile ezilele, izihlalo zabakhubazekile eziqhutshwa ohlangothini olulodwa, izihlalo zabakhubazekile zikagesi kanye nezihlalo zabakhubazekile ezincintisanayo ngokwezidingo ezahlukene.
3. Izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho ukhetha isihlalo sabakhubazekile
Umfanekiso: Umdwebo wokulinganisa ipharamitha yesihlalo sabakhubazekile a: ukuphakama kwesihlalo; b: ububanzi besihlalo; c: ubude besihlalo; d: ukuphakama kwengalo; e: ukuphakama kwesihlalo sangemuva
ukuphakama kwesihlalo
Kala ibanga ukusuka esithendeni (noma esithendeni) kuya embotsheni lapho uhleli, bese wengeza u-4cm. Uma ubeka indawo yokubeka izinyawo, indawo yebhodi kufanele okungenani ibe yi-5cm ukusuka phansi. Uma isihlalo siphakeme kakhulu, isihlalo sabakhubazekile asikwazi ukubekwa eduze kwetafula; uma isihlalo siphansi kakhulu, ithambo le-ischial lithwala isisindo esikhulu kakhulu.
b Ububanzi besihlalo
Kala ibanga phakathi kwezinqe ezimbili noma amathanga amabili uma uhleli, bese wengeza u-5cm, okungukuthi, kukhona igebe elingu-2.5cm ohlangothini ngalunye ngemva kokuhlala. Uma isihlalo sincane kakhulu, kunzima ukugibela nokuphuma esihlalweni sabakhubazekile, futhi izinqe nezicubu zamathanga ziyacindezelwa; uma isihlalo sibanzi kakhulu, akulula ukuhlala phansi, akulula ukusebenzisa isihlalo sabakhubazekile, izitho ezingaphezulu ziyakhathala kalula, futhi kunzima nokungena nokuphuma emnyango.
c Ubude besihlalo
Kala ibanga eliqondile ukusuka ezinqeni kuya emsipheni we-gastrocnemius wethole lapho uhleli phansi, bese ususa u-6.5cm emphumeleni wokulinganisa. Uma isihlalo sifushane kakhulu, isisindo sizowela kakhulu ku-ischium, futhi indawo yendawo ithambekele ekucindezelekeni okukhulu; uma isihlalo side kakhulu, sizocindezela indawo ye-popliteal, sithinte ukujikeleza kwegazi kwendawo, futhi sicasule isikhumba kalula kule ndawo. Ezigulini ezinamathanga amafushane kakhulu noma ukugoba kwe-hip kanye nedolo, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlalo esifushane.
d Ukuphakama kwengalo
Uma uhleli phansi, ingalo engenhla iqonde phezulu futhi ingalo ibekwe iqonde endaweni yokubeka ingalo. Kala ukuphakama kusukela ebusweni besihlalo kuya emaphethelweni aphansi engalo bese wengeza u-2.5cm. Ukuphakama okufanele kwendawo yokubeka ingalo kusiza ukugcina ukuma komzimba okulungile kanye nokulinganisela, futhi kungabeka izitho ezingaphezulu endaweni ekhululekile. Uma indawo yokubeka ingalo iphakeme kakhulu, ingalo engenhla iphoqeleka ukuba iphakame futhi ithambekele ekukhathaleni. Uma indawo yokubeka ingalo iphansi kakhulu, umzimba ongaphezulu udinga ukuthambekela phambili ukuze ugcine ibhalansi, okungagcini nje ngokukhathala, kodwa futhi okungathinta nokuphefumula.
Ukuphakama kwe-backrest
Uma i-backrest iphakeme, iyazinza kakhudlwana, futhi uma i-backrest iphansi, kulapho ukunyakaza komzimba ongaphezulu kanye nemilenze engenhla kukhulu khona. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-low backrest ukukala ibanga ukusuka esihlalweni kuya ekhwapheni (ingalo eyodwa noma zombili eziluliwe phambili), bese ususa u-10cm kulo mphumela. I-backrest ephezulu: linganisa ukuphakama kwangempela ukusuka esihlalweni kuya ehlombe noma ngemuva kwekhanda.
Umcamelo wesihlalo
Ukuze kube nokuthula nokuvimbela izilonda zokucindezeleka, kufanele kubekwe umcamelo wesihlalo esihlalweni. Irabha ye-foam (ubukhulu obungu-5 ~ 10cm) noma umcamelo wejeli ingasetshenziswa. Ukuze kuvinjelwe isihlalo ukuthi singacwili, i-plywood enobukhulu obungu-0.6cm ingafakwa ngaphansi komcamelo wesihlalo.
Ezinye izingxenye ezisizayo zesihlalo sabakhubazekile
Yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zeziguli ezikhethekile, njengokwandisa ubuso bokungqubuzana kwesibambo, ukwelula ibhuleki, idivayisi engashaqeki, idivayisi engasheleli, indawo yokubeka ingalo efakwe endaweni yokubeka ingalo, kanye netafula labakhubazekile ukuze iziguli zidle futhi zibhale.
4. Izidingo ezahlukene zezihlalo zabakhubazekile zezifo ezahlukene kanye nokulimala
① Ezigulini ezine-hemiplegia, iziguli ezingagcina ibhalansi yokuhlala lapho zingagadiwe futhi zingavikelekile zingakhetha isihlalo sabakhubazekile esijwayelekile esinesihlalo esiphansi, futhi indawo yokubeka izinyawo kanye nendawo yokubeka imilenze kungasuswa ukuze umlenze ophilile ukwazi ukuthinta phansi ngokuphelele futhi isihlalo sabakhubazekile singalawulwa ngezingalo eziphezulu nezingezansi ezinempilo. Ezigulini ezinebhalansi embi noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, kuyalulekwa ukukhetha isihlalo sabakhubazekile esiqhutshwa abanye, futhi labo abadinga usizo kwabanye ukuze badlulisele kufanele bakhethe indawo yokubeka ingalo engasuswa.
② Ezigulini ezine-quadriplegia, iziguli ezine-C4 (C4, ingxenye yesine yomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho) nangaphezulu zingakhetha isihlalo sabakhubazekile sikagesi esilawulwa ngomoya noma ngesilevu noma isihlalo sabakhubazekile esiqhutshwa abanye. Iziguli ezinezilima ezingaphansi kwe-C5 (C5, ingxenye yesihlanu yomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho) zingathembela emandleni okugoba kwezingalo eziphezulu ukuze zisebenzise isibambo esivundlile, ngakho-ke isihlalo sabakhubazekile esingemuva esiphezulu esilawulwa yingalo singakhethwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iziguli ezine-orthostatic hypotension kufanele zikhethe isihlalo sabakhubazekile esingemuva esiphezulu esigoqekayo, zifake i-headrest, futhi zisebenzise i-footrest esuswayo ene-engeli yamadolo elungisekayo.
③ Izidingo zeziguli ezikhubazekile zezihlalo zabakhubazekile ziyafana, futhi imininingwane yezihlalo inqunywa indlela yokulinganisa esihlokweni esandulele. Ngokuvamile, kukhethwa izingqimba zezandla ezimfushane zohlobo lwesinyathelo, bese kufakwa izingidi ze-caster. Labo abane-ankle spasms noma i-clonus badinga ukwengeza izintambo ze-ankle kanye nezindandatho zesithende. Amathayi aqinile angasetshenziswa uma izimo zomgwaqo endaweni yokuhlala zinhle.
④ Ezigulini ezinqunywe izitho zangaphansi, ikakhulukazi ukunqunywa kwethanga okubili, isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi somzimba sishintshe kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, i-axle kufanele ibuyiselwe emuva futhi kufakwe izinduku zokulwa nokulahla imfucuza ukuze kuvinjelwe umsebenzisi ukuthi angawi emuva. Uma ifakwe i-prosthesis, kufanele kufakwe nezindawo zokuphumula zemilenze nezinyawo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-15-2024