Umthelela wokushintsha kwezinkathi emzimbeni
Ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa esizini kuthinta kakhulu amazinga e-allergen emoyeni kanye nempilo yokuphefumula. Njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka ngezikhathi zokuguquka, izitshalo zingena emijikelezweni yokuzala esheshayo, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwempova okwandisiwe - ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ze-birch, i-ragweed, kanye notshani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimo ezifudumele zakha izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele zezibungu zothuli (izinhlobo ze-Dermatophagoides), lapho inani lazo likhula emazingeni omswakama angaphezu kwama-50% kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathi kwama-20-25°C. Lezi zinhlayiya zezinto eziphilayo, uma ziphefumula, zibangela ukusabela kwe-hypersensitivity okubangelwa yi-immunoglobulin E (IgE) kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, okubonakala njenge-allergy rhinitis ebonakala ngokuminyana kwamakhala, i-rhinorrhea, kanye nokuthimula, noma ukusabela okukhulu kwe-bronchial okubonakala ekukhuleni kwe-asthma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinselele zokulawula ukushisa ngokushesha ezibangelwa ukushintshashintsha okusheshayo kwezinga lokushisa zibangela ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba ku-epithelium yokuphefumula. I-mucosa yamakhala, evame ukugcinwa ku-34-36°C, ibhekana nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ngesikhathi sokuchayeka emakhazeni kanye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ngezikhathi ezifudumele, okuphazamisa izindlela zokususa ama-mucociliary. Lokhu kucindezeleka kokushisa kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-40 ngokusho kwezifundo zesimo sezulu, okwenza buthaka kakhulu ukuzivikela kokuqala kwe-immunological kwendlela yokuphefumula. Ubuthakathaka be-epithelial obuphumelayo budala izimo ezifanele ze-pathogenesis yamagciwane - ama-rhinovirus abonisa amazinga okuphindaphinda athuthukisiwe ezindleleni ezipholile zamakhala (33-35°C uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa komzimba okuphakathi), kuyilapho ama-virus e-influenza egcina ukuzinza okukhulu kwemvelo emoyeni obandayo onomswakama ophansi. Lezi zici ezihlangene ziphakamisa izingozi zabantu zokutheleleka kokuphefumula okuphezulu cishe ngo-30% ngesikhathi sokushintsha, ikakhulukazi ezithinta izingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile abane-immune mucosal engaqinile.
Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwesizini kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngokushintsha ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi kanye namaphethini okukhula, okuholela emazingeni omfutho wegazi angazinzile. Ngesikhathi sezulu esishintshayo, izinguquko ezisheshayo emazingeni okushisa emvelo zibangela ukulungiswa okuphindaphindiwe kwethoni yemithambo yegazi njengoba umzimba uzama ukugcina ukulingana kokushisa. Lokhu kucindezeleka ngokomzimba kuthinta ngokungalingani abantu abanezimo ezikhona kakade ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme njalo) kanye nesifo semithambo yegazi (ukugeleza kwegazi okuphazamisekile kuya emisipheni yenhliziyo).
Ukungazinzi komfutho wegazi kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, okuphoqa inhliziyo ukuba isebenze kanzima ukuze ijikeleze igazi ngempumelelo. Kubantu abasengozini, lokhu kuphakama kwesidingo kungadlula ukusebenza kwenhliziyo okuphazamisekile, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi i-angina pectoris (ukuncipha kokunikezwa komoya-mpilo okubangela ubuhlungu besifuba) kanye ne-myocardial infarction (ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokugeleza kwegazi lenhliziyo okuholela ekulimaleni kwezicubu zenhliziyo). Izifundo zezokwelapha zibonisa ukuthi ukungazinzi okunjalo kwe-hemodynamic okuqhutshwa ukushisa kunegalelo ekwandeni okungu-20-30% kwezimo eziphuthumayo zenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesizini, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweziguli esezikhulile kanye nalabo abanezimo ezingamahlalakhona ezingalapheki kahle.
Izinguquko zesizini ekushiseni nasekuswakameni zingathinta okwesikhashana ukusebenza komzimba. Njengoba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sidinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezishintshashintshayo, lesi sikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo sidala ithuba lokuba sengozini. Uma sivezwa ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ezifana namagciwane noma amabhaktheriya phakathi nalesi sigaba, izivikelo zomzimba zingase zibe buthaka, okwandisa amathuba okutheleleka okufana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma izifo zokuphefumula. Abantu abadala asebekhulile, izingane ezincane, kanye nalabo abanezimo zempilo ezingamahlalakhona basengozini enkulu ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesizini ngenxa yezimpendulo zabo zomzimba ezingaqinile.
Ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo ezivamile ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesizini
Izifo zokuphefumula
1.Qinisa izindlela zokuzivikela
Ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwempova ephezulu, zama ukunciphisa ukuphuma. Uma udinga ukuphuma, gqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifana namamaski nezibuko ukuze ugweme ukuthintana nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.
2. Gcina umoya endlini yakho ucacile
Vula amafasitela ukuze kungene umoya njalo, sebenzisa isihlanzi somoya ukuze uhlunge izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni, futhi ugcine umoya wangaphakathi uhlanzekile.
3. Thuthukisa amasosha omzimba
Thuthukisa amasosha omzimba wakho futhi unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka kokuphefumula ngokudla ukudla okufanele, ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngokulinganisela, nokulala ngokwanele.
Isifo senhliziyo
1. Hlola umfutho wegazi
Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesizini, qapha umfutho wegazi njalo ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngezinguquko zomfutho wegazi. Uma umfutho wegazi ushintshashintsha kakhulu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele bese ulungisa umthamo wemithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela.
2. Gcina kufudumele
Engeza izingubo ngesikhathi ngokwezinguquko zesimo sezulu ukuze ugweme ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi ngenxa yomkhuhlane futhi wandise umthwalo enhliziyweni.
3. Yidla kahle
Ukulawula ukudla usawoti nokudla ukudla okuningi okucebile nge-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium kanye namanye amaminerali, njengobhanana, isipinashi, ubisi, njll., kungasiza ekugcineni umfutho wegazi uzinzile.
Izifo zokungezwani komzimba
1. Gwema ukuthintana nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba
Qonda izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba futhi uzame ukugwema ukuthintana. Isibonelo, uma une-allergy ku-pollen, nciphisa isikhathi osichitha ngaphandle ngesikhathi se-pollen.
2. Ukuvimbela nokwelapha izidakamizwa
Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela, sebenzisa imithi yokulwa nokungezwani komzimba ngendlela efanele ukuze unciphise izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba. Uma usabela kakhulu ekungezwani komzimba, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-18-2025