Ukuphila akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nomoya-mpilo, futhi "umoya-mpilo wezokwelapha" uyisigaba esikhethekile kakhulu somoya-mpilo, odlala indima ebalulekile ekusekelweni kokuphila, ukunakekelwa okubucayi, ukuvuselelwa kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, yimiphi imithombo yamanje kanye nokuhlukaniswa komoya-mpilo wezokwelapha? Iyini intuthuko ye-oxygen yezokwelapha?
Iyini i-oxygen yezokwelapha?
I-oxygen yezokwelapha iyigesi yezokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu ezibhedlela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukuminza, i-nitrite, i-cocaine, i-carbon monoxide kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni i-pneumonia, i-myocarditis kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokusabalala okukhulu kwe-COVID-19, ukubaluleka kwe-oxygen yezokwelapha ekwelapheni kuye kwaba yinto evelele kancane kancane, okuthinta ngqo izinga lokwelapha kanye nesimo sokusinda kweziguli.
Ekuqaleni umoya-mpilo wezokwelapha wawungahlukaniswa ngokuphelele nomoya-mpilo wezimboni, futhi womabili ayetholakala ngokuhlukanisa umoya. Ngaphambi kuka-1988, izibhedlela kuzo zonke izigaba ezweni lakithi zazisebenzisa umoya-mpilo wezimboni. Kwaze kwaba ngu-1988 lapho indinganiso ethi “Medical Oxygen” yethulwa futhi yenziwa yaba yimpoqo, kwaqedwa ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo wezimboni emtholampilo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya-mpilo wezimboni, izindinganiso zomoya-mpilo wezokwelapha ziqinile kakhulu. Umoya-mpilo wezokwelapha udinga ukuhlunga okunye ukungcola kwegesi (njenge-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-ozone kanye nama-acid-base compounds) ukuvimbela ubuthi kanye nezinye izingozi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwezidingo zobumsulwa, umoya-mpilo wezokwelapha unezidingo eziphakeme ngobuningi kanye nokuhlanzeka kwamabhodlela okugcina, okwenza ufaneleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oxygen yezokwelapha kanye nosayizi wemakethe
Kusukela emthonjeni, kufaka phakathi umoya-mpilo wesilinda olungiselelwe izitshalo ze-oxygen kanye nomoya-mpilo otholwa yizihlanganisi ze-oxygen ezibhedlela; Ngokuphathelene nesimo se-oxygen, kunezigaba ezimbili: umoya-mpilo owuketshezi kanye nomoya-mpilo wegesi; Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-99.5% ye-oxygen ehlanzekile kakhulu, kukhona nohlobo lomoya ocebile nge-oxygen olunokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen okungu-93%. Ngo-2013, i-State Food and Drug Administration yakhipha indinganiso yemithi kazwelonke yomoya ocebile nge-oxygen (93% umoya-mpilo), isebenzisa "umoya ocebile nge-oxygen" njengegama elijwayelekile lomuthi, ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kanye nokuphathwa, futhi okwamanje isetshenziswa kabanzi ezibhedlela.
Ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo yizibhedlela ngemishini yokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo kunesidingo esikhulu ngokwezinga lezibhedlela kanye nobuchwepheshe bemishini, futhi izinzuzo nazo zisobala kakhulu. Ngo-2016, i-Meical Gases and Engineering Branch ye-China Industrial Gases Association, ngokubambisana ne-Standards Division ye-Medical Management Center ye-National Health and Family Planning Commission, yahlola izibhedlela ezingu-200 ezweni lonke. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ama-49% ezibhedlela asebenzise umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, ama-27% asebenzise ama-molecule sieve oxygen generator, kanti ezinye izibhedlela ezinokusetshenziswa okuphansi komoya-mpilo zasebenzisa amasilinda omoya-mpilo ukuhlinzeka ngomoya-mpilo. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukungalungi kokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo owuketshezi kanye nomoya-mpilo osemabhodleleni kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ama-85% ezibhedlela ezisanda kwakhiwa zikhetha ukukhetha imishini yokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo yesiseve yama-molecule yesimanje, kanti izibhedlela eziningi ezindala zikhetha ukusebenzisa imishini yomoya-mpilo esikhundleni somoya-mpilo ojwayelekile osemabhodleleni.
Imishini ye-oxygen yasesibhedlela kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi
I-oxygen yesilinda yendabuko kanye ne-oxygen ewuketshezi ezibhedlela kukhiqizwa ngokuhlukaniswa komoya okubangelwa yi-cryogenic. I-oxygen yesilinda yegesi ingasetshenziswa ngqo, kuyilapho i-oxygen ewuketshezi idinga ukugcinwa esikhundleni sayo, isuswe ukucindezelwa, futhi ivuthwe ngaphambi kokuba isetshenziswe emtholampilo.
Kunezinkinga eziningi ekusetshenzisweni kwamasilinda e-oxygen, okuhlanganisa ubunzima bokugcina nokuthuthwa, ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa, njll. Inkinga enkulu ukuphepha. Amasilinda ensimbi ayizitsha ezinomfutho ophezulu ezivame ukuba nezingozi ezinkulu. Ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa kwamasilinda kudingeka kuqedwe ezibhedlela ezinkulu nasezibhedlela ezineziguli eziningi. Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ngamasilinda ngokwawo, izinkampani eziningi ezingenazo iziqu ze-oxygen yezokwelapha zikhiqiza futhi zithengise i-oxygen yesilinda, equkethe imikhiqizo ephansi kanye nokungcola okuningi kakhulu. Kukhona ngisho nezimo lapho i-oxygen yezimboni ifihlwa njenge-oxygen yezokwelapha, futhi izibhedlela zithola kunzima ukuhlukanisa ikhwalithi lapho zithenga, okungaholela ezingozini ezinkulu zezokwelapha.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, izibhedlela eziningi seziqalile ukukhetha i-oxygen concentrator.Izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo ezisetshenziswa njengamanje izinhlelo zokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo ngesihlungo sama-molecule kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo wokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezibhedlela.
Into eyinhloko okufanele uyisho lapha i-molecule sieve oxygen concentrator. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokudonswa kwe-pressure swing ukuze icebise i-oxygen emoyeni ngqo. Iphephile futhi ilula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukulula kwayo kwabonakala ngokugcwele ngesikhathi se-qpidemic,ukusiza abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi bakhulule izandla zabo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxygen okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwayo kwaqeda ngokuphelele isikhathi sokuthwala amasilinda e-oxygen, futhi kwandise ukuzimisela kwezibhedlela ukuthenga amajeneretha e-oxygen esisefo sama-molecule.
Njengamanje, iningi lomoya-mpilo okhiqizwayo umoya ocebile ngomoya-mpilo (93% umoya-mpilo), ongahlangabezana nezidingo zomoya-mpilo zamawadi ajwayelekile noma izikhungo ezincane zezokwelapha ezingenzi ukuhlinzwa okubucayi, kodwa ezingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomoya-mpilo zama-ICU amakhulu, kanye namagumbi omoya-mpilo.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nethemba le-Oxygen Yezokwelapha
Lo bhubhane uye wagcizelela kakhulu ukubaluleka komoya-mpilo wokwelapha emtholampilo, kodwa ukushoda kokunikezwa komoya-mpilo wezokwelapha kuye kwatholakala nakwamanye amazwe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibhedlela ezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo ziyayeka kancane kancane ukusebenzisa amasilinda ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza umoya-mpilo nakho kubalulekile. Ngokusakazwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo, ama-gengerator omoya-mpilo ezibhedlela asetshenziswa kabanzi. Indlela yokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokubenza bahlanganiswe futhi bathwaleke kakhudlwana ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ikhwalithi yokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo nayo isibe yisiqondiso sentuthuko yabakhiqizi bomoya-mpilo.
I-oksijini ye-Meical idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene, futhi indlela yokuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lokuhlinzeka sekuyinkinga izinkampani nezibhedlela okudingeka zibhekane nayo ndawonye. Ngokufika kwezinkampani zemishini yezokwelapha, kuye kwalethwa izixazululo ezintsha zokulungiselela i-oksijini ezimweni eziningi ezifana nezibhedlela, amakhaya kanye nezindawo eziphansi.Izikhathi ziyashesha, ubuchwepheshe buyathuthuka, futhi sibheke phambili ekutheni hlobo luni lwentuthuko oluzokwenziwa esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-23-2025