Ukuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yokuphila: Amaphrothokholi Okugxila Ku-Oksijini Okugxile Esigulini Okwe-Dyspnea Ehlobene Nokungezwani Komzimba Okungapheli

Intwasahlobo iyinkathi yokwanda kokungezwani komzimba, ikakhulukazi lapho kunempova eningi.

Imiphumela yokungezwani nempova yasentwasahlobo

1. Izimpawu ezibukhali

• Indlela yokuphefumula: ukuthimula, ukuminyana kwamakhala, impumulo egobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-asthma (ukuphefumula kanzima, ubunzima bokuphefumula)
• Amehlo: i-conjunctivitis (ubomvu, ukudabuka, umuzwa wokushisa
• Isikhumba: ama-hives, i-eczema, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso
• Umzimba wonke: ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala

2. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside

• Ukungezwani komzimba okuphindaphindiwe kungase kube kubi kakhulu i-rhinitis engapheli, i-sinusitis, noma i-asthma
• Ukwehla kwezinga lempilo, okuthinta umsebenzi, ukufunda kanye nemisebenzi yangaphandle

Izitshalo ezivame ukubangela ukungezwani nempova entwasahlobo

Ukungezwani nempova kubangelwa kakhulu izitshalo ezitholwe umoya (ezithembele emoyeni ukuze zithuthe impova). Impova yazo ilula, inkulu ngobuningi, futhi kulula ukuyisabalalisa. Izinto ezivame ukungezwani nempova zifaka:

Izindlela zokuvimbela ukungezwani nempova

1. Nciphisa ukuchayeka empova

• Gwema amahora aphezulu kakhulu: Ukuhlushwa kwempova kuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama ngezinsuku ezinelanga, ngakho-ke gwema ukuphuma
• Vala iminyango namafasitela: Sebenzisa uhlelo lomoya omusha noma umoya opholile ukuze uvimbele impova ukuthi ingangeni ekamelweni
• Ukuvikelwa kwangaphandle: Gqoka imaski yokulwa nempova (njenge-N95), izibuko, izingubo ezinemikhono emide, bese ugeza bese ushintsha izingubo ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya

2. Ukulawulwa kwemvelo

• Sebenzisa isihlungi somoya se-HEPA bese uhlanza isihlungi somoya njalo
• Gwema ukubeka izimbali endlini (njengezimbali ze-lily, i-sunflower kanye nezinye izimbali ezifakwe impova yezinambuzane, ngokuvamile eziyingozi encane kodwa ezingase zibhebhethekise izimpawu kubantu abazwelayo)

3. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi

• Qala ukusebenzisa ama-antihistamine amasonto angu-1-2 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba (kudingeka isiqondiso sikadokotela)
• Abantu abazwela kakhulu bangathola izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba futhi bathuthukise izinhlelo zokuvikela eziqondiwe

Ukwelashwa kokungezwani nempova

1. Ukwelashwa ngemithi

• Ama-Antihistamine: I-Cetirizine, i-Loratadine (ukuqeda ukulunywa kwekhala kanye nokuthimula)
• Ama-hormone okufutha ekhaleni: i-budesonide, i-mometasone furoate (ukuqeda ukuminyana kwamakhala nokuvuvukala)
• Abaphikisi be-Leukotriene receptor: I-Montelukast sodium (umsizi ekulawuleni i-asthma)
• Isimo Esiphuthumayo: Sebenzisa i-salbutamol inhaler ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-asthma, bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ukuhlaselwa kukubi kakhulu.

2. Ukwelashwa nge-Immunotherapy (ukwelashwa kokuqeda ukusabela komzimba)

• Ngokusebenzisa i-sublingual noma ngomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba wezinto ezikhipha i-allergen, ukubekezelelana kuyathuthuka kancane kancane, kufaneleka kubantu abane-allergies yesikhathi eside nephindaphindayo.

Indima yabagxilisi be-oxygen ekwelapheni ukungezwani komzimba

1. Izimo ezisebenzayo

• Ukungezwani nempova kubangela i-asthma noma ubunzima bokuphefumula obukhulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini (<95%)
• Isiguli sinezifo zokuphefumula ezingamahlalakhona (njenge-COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis), futhi izimpawu ziyanda ngesikhathi se-pollen.

2. Imisebenzi kanye nemikhawulo

• Ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo owengeziwe: kunciphisa i-hypoxia futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba, kodwa abakwazi ukwelapha ukungezwani komzimba ngokwabo
• Isidingo sokubambisana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha: imithi yokulwa nokungezwani komzimba, ama-bronchodilator, njll. kumele kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifanayo
• Imishini engabalulekile: Ukungezwani komzimba okuncane akudingi i-oxygen concentrator, futhi kungasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuhlolwa ngudokotela.

3. Izinyathelo zokuqapha zokusetshenziswa

• I-oxygen concentrator idinga ukuhlanza isihlungi njalo ukuze ivimbele impova ukuthi ingavali umoya ongena ngaphakathi
• Izihlanzi zomoya zisadingeka ngaphakathi endlini ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcwala kwempova