Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo, umoya-mpilo wezokwelapha ushintshe kusukela ku-oxygen yokuqala yezimboni kuya ku-oxygen ewuketshezi bese kuba ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo we-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) wamanje. Indlela yokuhlinzeka ngomoya-mpilo iphinde yathuthuka kusukela ekuhlinzekweni komoya-mpilo ngqo kusuka ebhodleleni elilodwa kuya ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka ngomoya-mpilo oluhlanganisiwe. Njengamanje, izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngomoya-mpilo ezihlanganisiwe, izinhlelo zokumunca eziphakathi, kanye nezinhlelo zomoya ocindezelwe sezibe izinhlelo ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuhlinzeka ngegesi yezokwelapha emitholampilo yesibhedlela yanamuhla.
Umoya-mpilo uyinto ebalulekile emisebenzini ye-metabolic yomuntu kanye nesidingo sokuqala sokunyakaza kokuphila komuntu. Ukwengezwa komoya-mpilo kungathuthukisa indawo yangaphakathi yomzimba womuntu kanye neyamakhemikhali futhi kukhuthaze umjikelezo ongemuhle wezinqubo ze-metabolic, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe injongo yokwelapha izifo, kuncishiswe izimpawu, kukhuthazwe ukululama, kuvinjelwe izilonda, futhi kuthuthukiswe impilo.
Ngakho-ke, umoya-mpilo udlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ekusizeni iziguli ezigula kakhulu kanye nalabo abalimele ngengozi, futhi ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo sekungenye yezimo ezidingekayo ezikhungweni zezokwelapha.
Umlando wentuthuko yesistimu yokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen esibhedlela
Ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen eqondile yebhodlela elilodwa
Ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo oqondile kusuka ebhodleleni elilodwa kuyindlela yendabuko yokunikeza umoya-mpilo ezibhedlela, futhi le ndlela ibilokhu isetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka umoya-mpilo wezimboni. Njengoba umoya-mpilo wezimboni uvame ukuba namagesi ayingozi futhi udonga lwangaphakathi lwesilinda luzogqwala, umoya-mpilo uzoba nephunga elicasulayo. Uma usetshenziswa emtholampilo, uzokwenza iziguli zikhwehlele futhi zikhulise izimpawu zokuphefumula.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yabantu, iShayina ibuyekeze amazinga omoya-mpilo wezokwelapha.
Ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen okuphakathi
Ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo ophakathi, kuyindlela yesimanje yokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele. IShayina yasungula uhlelo lokuqala lokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo ophakathi ngo-1983, luye lwakhuthazwa kakhulu futhi lwasetshenziswa emadolobheni amakhulu naphakathi. Njengamanje, zonke izibhedlela zesilinganiso esithile zamukele izinhlelo zokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo ophakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo lwezokwelapha olwakhiwe uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo oluphakathi, uhlelo lokumunca oluphakathi kanye nohlelo lomoya ocindezelwe seluyiphrojekthi okumele yakhiwe yokwakha nokuvuselela izakhiwo zamawadi ezibhedlela kanye nephrojekthi edingekayo ukuze izibhedlela zithuthukise.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen obuhlanganisiwe bungathuthukisa izinga lezokwelapha lezibhedlela, bunike iziguli ithuba lokuthola usizo noma ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele, ngaleyo ndlela zisindise izimpilo eziningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba imishini yobuchwepheshe bokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen obuhlanganisiwe igxile kakhulu, ilungele ukuphathwa kwezibhedlela kwanamuhla.
Ngokukhethekile, izici ezilandelayo ziyaboniswa:
- Ipayipi lokuphakelwa komoya-mpilo eliphakathi linengcindezi ephansi futhi lihlonyiswe ngamadivayisi amaningi okuphepha, okwenza liphephe futhi lithembeke kakhudlwana
- Ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo okuphakathi akudingi ukuthi kuthuthwe amasilinda omoya-mpilo aye ewadini, okwenza kube lula ukugcina nokuthutha.
- Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen oluphakathi lunamandla okuhlinzeka nge-oxygen aqinile, amandla amakhulu, ingcindezi ezinzile, futhi lungahlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwe-oxygen okuqhubekayo okugeleza okukhulu
- Itheminali yokuphefumula umoya-mpilo yokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen ephakathi ifakwa ngqo egumbini lokuhlinza, ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo nasemawodini ewadi ngayinye, okwenza ukuhogela umoya-mpilo kube lula, kube lula, kuphephe futhi kuthembeke.
- Ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo okuhlanganisiwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo, kunciphise inani labasebenzi abaphethe umoya-mpilo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise izinzuzo zomnotho.
Uhlelo oluphakathi lokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen esibhedlela luqukethe umthombo we-oxygen, ipayipi le-oxygen, i-valve kanye nemishini ene-terminal. Njengamanje, i-busbar, i-liquid oxygen kanye ne-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) oxygen concentrator zivame ukusetshenziswa njengomthombo we-oxygen wesistimu yokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Ibha yebhasi
Uhlelo lokuphakelwa komoya-mpilo lwe-Busbar luqukethe ikakhulukazi amasethi amabili amasilinda omoya-mpilo anomfutho ophezulu (elinye lokuphakelwa kwegesi kanye nelinye lokugada). Luqukethe i-busbar, isethi yamadivayisi okulawula okuzenzakalelayo/okwenziwa ngesandla, ama-alamu omsindo nokukhanya, amadivayisi okunciphisa nokuqinisa ingcindezi, ipayipi kanye nezesekeli. Lapho ukuphakelwa komoya-mpilo sekuzophela, i-busbar ingashintshela ngokuzenzakalelayo ekuphakelweni komoya-mpilo okwenziwa ngesandla.
Idivayisi yokulawula inesilinganiso sokucindezela, iyunithi yokulawula yokuqapha, kanye nesistimu ye-alamu kanye nezibani zezinkomba zokubonisa izimo zokusebenza nokukhumbuza umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe isilinda se-oxygen esiphelile. Uma idivayisi yokulawula ezenzakalelayo yehluleka, idivayisi yokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye nokuqinisa ingcindezi izosetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwengcindezi yokuphakelwa kwe-oxygen.
I-oxygen ewuketshezi
Uhlelo lomthombo wegesi olusebenzisa i-oxygen ewuketshezi njengomthombo we-oxygen luqukethe kakhulu ithangi le-oxygen eliwuketshezi, i-vaporizer, idivayisi yokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye nedivayisi ye-alamu. I-oxygen ewuketshezi ifakwa ethangini le-oxygen eliwuketshezi lemoto yokuthutha iye ethangini le-oxygen eliwuketshezi lohlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen oluphakathi ngokusebenzisa umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwethangi le-oxygen eliwuketshezi. Ithangi le-oxygen eliwuketshezi liyingqimba yokuvimbela ukucindezeleka okuphezulu ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi elidingekayo loketshezi.
Izinga lokushisa le-oxygen ewuketshezi likhuphuka kakhulu uma ligeleza nge-vaporizer, okubangela ukuthi i-ir ishise. I-oxygen eshiswe ngomfutho ophezulu incishiswa yidivayisi yokunciphisa ingcindezi bese ithunyelwa ngemva kokuba ingcindezi isizinzile. Kunamathangi amabili e-oxygen ewuketshezi ohlelweni, elilodwa lokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen kanye nelinye lokubhekha; ithangi le-oxygen ewuketshezi kanye ne-busbar nakho kungasetshenziswa kanyekanye, kanye nethangi le-oxygen ewuketshezi elihlinzeka ngegesi kanye ne-busbar esetshenziswa njengesibhekha.
Ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo we-PSA yezokwelapha
Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen lwe-medical PSA oxygen concentrator lwakhiwe kakhulu yi-air compressor kanye ne-dryer, isihlungi, i-oxygen concentrator, ithangi lokugcina i-oxygen, amapayipi kanye nezesekeli. Uma kudingeka ukugcwaliswa kwe-oxygen kuma-cylinder e-oxygen, kanye ne-oxygen compressor kanye nesiteshi sokugcwalisa i-oxygen kungamiswa. I-PSA oxygen generator isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-oxygen adsorption swing ukuze ithole i-oxygen ehlanzekile engu-≥ 90% ehlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-oxygen zezokwelapha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-oxygen yokungenisa umoya-mpilo nge-pressure swing busebenzisa ukumuncwa okukhethiwe kwe-oxygen ne-nitrogen ngezisefo zama-molecular ze-zeolite, kanye nezici zokuthi amandla okumuncwa ayanda ngokwanda kwengcindezi yokumuncwa futhi anciphe ngokuncipha kwengcindezi yokumuncwa. Imunca i-nitrogen ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelwe ukuze icebise i-oxygen; imunca i-nitrogen emuncwayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelwe ezincishisiwe, futhi ivuselele isisefo sama-molecule ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lo mjikelezo wokubuyiselana ufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-nitrogen kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-oxygen.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamajeneretha e-oxygen e-PSA yezokwelapha kungalungiswa njengeyunithi eyodwa noma iyunithi ephindwe kabili. Ekucushweni kweyunithi eyodwa, kusetshenziswa isethi eyodwa yemishini yokukhiqiza i-oxygen, kanti ibhasi le-oxygen cylider lisetshenziswa njenge-backup. Ngesikhathi sokufunwa kwe-oxygen okuphezulu, i-oxygen cylider ifakwa ngebhasi, engabizi futhi ephephile futhi ethembekile. Ekucushweni kwamayunithi amabili, kulungiswa amasethi amabili emishini yokukhiqiza i-oxygen, elula yokupaka nokulungisa, futhi kukhona ibhasi le-oxygen eliphindelelayo njengesiqinisekiso, eliphephile futhi elisebenziseka kalula.
Ukuqhathanisa okulula
Ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo we-Busbar kudinga ukuthengwa njalo kwamasilinda omoya-mpilo wezokwelapha, okunzima ukuwathutha, ukuwaphatha nokuwaphatha, kanti amasilinda adinga ukulungiswa njalo.
I-oxygen ewuketshezi iyintuthuko enkulu kunezibha zamabhasi, ngezinzuzo zomthamo omkhulu wokuthutha, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezokuthutha, isikhathi esincane sokusiza, kanye nezindleko eziphansi ze-oxygen. Ithangi lokugcina i-oxygen ewuketshezi elingu-3.65m3, eligcwele i-oxygen ewuketshezi futhi eligcwele igesi, lingakhiqiza i-oxygen engu-3000m3, edinga amasilinda ensimbi angu-500, kanti isisindo samasilinda ensimbi sodwa singama-30t.
Amathangi okugcina umoya-mpilo owuketshezi adinga ukugcwaliswa kanye noma kabili ngenyanga, kodwa izidingo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa ziphezulu kakhulu, futhi abaqhubi kumele baqinisekiswe ukuthi bayasebenza, bahlole ingcindezi yokukhipha nsuku zonke, futhi bahlole futhi banakekele imishini njalo. Inqubo yokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo inzima kakhulu.
Ijeneretha ye-oxygen ye-PSA yezokwelapha ikhiqiza ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxygen endaweni futhi isungula isiteshi sayo esizimele sokukhiqiza i-oxygen. Ayidingi ukuthuthwa kwe-oxygen futhi ayinqunyelwe umthombo wesibili we-oxygen. Imishini ingasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokulungiswa njalo nokulinganiswa. Iphephile, ilula futhi ilula ukuyisebenzisa. Ayikho eminye imishini yokusiza edingekayo, futhi i-oxygen yezokwelapha efanelekile ingangena ngqo ohlelweni lwamapayipi, okwenza ukuphathwa kwesibhedlela kube ngokwesayensi nangokwesimanje.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokuphepha
Umfutho we-oxygen esilinda ye-oxygen esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen ye-busbar uphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile i-15MPa (i-atmospheres engu-150), okungase kubangele ukuqhuma okungenzeka uma kuhlangatshezwana nokudlidliza okunamandla. Ikhwalithi kanye nobumsulwa be-oxygen esilinda ye-oxygen akulawulwa ngumsebenzisi.
I-oxygen ewuketshezi iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni. Inani elikhulu le-oxygen ewuketshezi ligcinwa ethangini lokugcina i-oxygen ewuketshezi. Izinga lokushisa le-oxygen ewuketshezi liphansi kakhulu (-183°C), futhi i-oxygen iyisithako esinamandla sokushisa. Uma sekuvuza, imiphumela izoba mibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-oxygen ewuketshezi ludinga ukuhlolwa njalo. Uma idiski engaqhumi ethangini le-oxygen ewuketshezi iqhuma noma ivalvu yokukhipha umoya igxuma iye emlilweni, kusho ukuthi i-vacuum yengqimba yethangi le-oxygen ewuketshezi iyabhujiswa futhi kufanele ilungiswe futhi ihlanzwe.
Kuyingozi ukubeka amathangi e-oxygen ewuketshezi ezibhedlela ezinabantu abaningi. I-oxygen ewuketshezi ivame ukuvuza ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kanye nokupakisha, futhi ngisho nenani elincane lamafutha lingabangela umlilo, okubangela ingozi yokuphepha.
Amajeneretha e-oxygen e-PSA yezokwelapha asebenza ekushiseni okujwayelekile kanye nokucindezela okuphansi (20°C-40°C, 6-8 atmospheres). Azikho izici ezingaphephile ngokomthetho futhi yiyona ndlela ephephile kunazo zonke ezintathu zokuphakelwa komoya-mpilo. Ama-concentrator e-oxygen ngokuvamile afakwe umthombo we-oxygen we-busbar oyisipele ukuqinisekisa ukuphakelwa komoya-mpilo uma kwenzeka ugesi uphela, ukuvala, noma lapho ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo kukhula ngokuzumayo isikhathi esithile futhi kudlula ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo okulinganiselwe kwe-oxygen concentrator.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezomnotho
Uhlelo lwebhasi lusebenzisa amasilinda e-oxygen, avame ukutholakala ezibhedlela. Okudingeka kwenziwe nje ukucubungula amasilinda bese uwahlanganisa, ngaleyo ndlela kongiwe izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala.
Ukukhetha indlela yokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen
Njengoba ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo we-busbar kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kakhulu kokuqala, kwezinye izibhedlela ezincane neziphakathi nendawo, ezinekhono elincane lokwamukela iziguli kanye nokuntuleka kwemali, ukusebenzisa ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo we-busbar kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu neyongayo. Ngokombono wokusebenza komnotho wesikhathi eside, ijeneretha yomoya-mpilo ye-PSA yesibhedlela iyindlela eyongayo kakhulu yokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo. Uhlelo lunesici sokuphepha esiphezulu futhi lungasetshenziswa ngaphandle komuntu futhi luphathwe ngendlela yesimanje. Luyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu ezibhedlela zesimanje.
Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, izibhedlela ezinkulu kufanele zisebenzise ama-concentrator e-PSA ezibhedlela ukuze kuhlinzekwe umoya-mpilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ama-concentrator e-PSA oksijini engadingi umthombo wesibili womoya-mpilo futhi angahlinzeka umoya-mpilo ngokujwayelekile ngogesi kuphela, afaneleka nakwezinye izindawo ezikude nezindawo ezinezokuthutha ezingathandeki.
Amapayipi esistimu namatheminali
I-oxygen ithuthwa isuka esiteshini se-oxygen iye esitezi ngasinye (iwadi, igumbi lokuhlinza, isikhungo sokutakula, ikliniki yokulaliswa esibhedlela, njll.). Ngemva kokuqiniswa kwengcindezi yesibili, ingcindezi yokukhipha i-oxygen ingu-0.1-0.4MPs (engalungiseka). Izinga lokushisa elizungezile ipayipi le-oxygen akufanele lidlule ku-70°C.
Amalangabi avulekile kanye namabala kawoyela akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele eduze kwamapayipi noma amavalvu. Amapayipi okulethwa kwe-oksijini angenziwa ngamapayipi ethusi noma amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali. Eyokuqala iyonga kakhulu futhi iyinto ekhethwayo echazwe yizindinganiso zikazwelonke.
Ngemva kokuba ithubhu ye-oxygen ingene ewadini, ixhunywe epuletini lokugcina (elibizwa nangokuthi ibhande lokwelapha). Ipuleti lokugcina liwumsele oqondisayo wezintambo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zepheyiphu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-09-2025